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Mutation
Any heritable change in DNA sequence.
Codominance
Situation in which two different alleles for a genetic trait are both expressed.
Mitosis
The process of nuclear division in cells that produces daughter cells that are genetically identical to each other and to the parent cell.
Cancer
Diseases in which abnormal cells divide and grow unchecked.
Fraternal twin
Siblings born at the same time as the result of fertilization of two ova by two sperm. They share the same genetic relationship to each other as any other siblings.
Single-gene disorder
Hereditary disorder caused by a mutant allele of a single gene.
Amino acid
Any of a class of 20 molecules that are combined to form proteins in living things.
Centromere
A specialized chromosome region to which spindle fibers attach during cell division.
Embryonic stem (ES) cells
An embryonic cell that can replicate indefinitely, transform into other types of cells, and serve as a continuous source of new cells.
Syndrome
The group or recognizable pattern of symptoms or abnormalities that indicate a particular trait or disease.
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